[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]

units. Observers will normally be required to keep a log recording the actions of those taking part
and making observations on them.
12. Before the exercise, umpires should receive a detailed summary of the tactical and
administrative points on which the unit is being practised. This should take the form of a
questionnaire which is adapted to conform to the exercise. An example of an aide memoire for
umpires is given for guidance at Annex Z.
13. The chief umpire may require a written final report from each umpire, although it is
usually best to receive a verbal report at the conclusion of the exercise. The final report must
contain constructive criticism, include good points as well as bad, and be precise as to when,
where and in what circumstances a mistake was made. A misleading or inaccurate exercise report
will justifiably cause irritation to the units being criticized by the umpires.
LOGS
14. Logs are the detailed record of the exercise and are kept in duplicate by those who submit
routine reports. One copy is attached to each routine report, the other to the final report. A
specimen umpire log report is shown at Annex T.
SECTION 6
COMMUNICATIONS
GENERAL
1. The provision of an adequate and reliable communications network for the control,
umpire and neutral organizations is vital. Umpires should normally be allotted two nets; one of
the frequency of the unit being exercised, and the other on the umpire net. If only one radio is
available, it should remain on the unit net and be flicked to the umpire net as necessary.
RADIO COMMUNICATIONS
2. Higher control, representing higher and flanking HQ operates on the normal operational
nets to the rear links of the highest HQ being exercised. Lower control similarly operates on the
forward link of the lowest HQ being exercised.
3. Umpires are of necessity mobile in any outdoor exercise. They must therefore be
equipped with vehicle-mounted radios. Consideration must be given to the provision of rover
sets for senior umpires.
LINE COMMUNICATIONS
4. In major exercises, the use of line is justified. It may be possible to economize in the use
of signal personnel by using extensions from, and if necessary, additional lines between
operational exchanges. This must not be done if there is any risk of overloading the facilities
available to the detriment of their intended functions.
5. The use of civilian facilities can also reduce the requirement for signal personnel.
Arrangements for repayment will be required, and considerable notice to the civilian authorities
must be given.
6. In indoor exercises, where distances are small, a telephone network can be used to
represent radio nets.
7. The provision of teleprinter links for higher formation exercises should be considered.
DISPATCH RIDERS
8. If the radio and line systems are operating satisfactorily. Such traffic which must be sent
by hand can usually be dispatched through operational dispatch riders. If there is any risk of units
becoming so far separated that radio is unlikely to be efficient, pool of dispatch riders should be
available for allocation by the chief umpire.
SECURITY
9. Umpires tend to neglect the rules of security. Important information can be given to an
enemy or potential enemy just as easily on umpire as on operational nets. It must also be
remembered that civilian telephone facilities are not secure. In addition, permitting poor security
on umpire nets is bad training for the officers, NCOs and signallers concerned. Codes must be
issued and their use enforced.
10. Operational sets are often in a position to overhear traffic on umpire nets either
accidentally or by design. Important information which would not be known in war may thus
become available to those being exercised. This can ruin an exercise and must be guarded
against.
SECTION 7
ADMINISTRATION OF CONTROL, UMPIRE AND NEUTRAL ORGANIZATIONS
ADMINISTRATION
1. Rations and Accommodation. Under the pool system it is essential that umpires are self-
contained; under the unit system it is desirable. In either case, all mobile umpire detachments
must be organized on a self-contained vehicle basis. If complete units or sub-units are used for
umpiring, more cooking equipment will be available, but additional field kitchens may be
required for detachments. Ration packs provide a simple answer to emergency situations. Messes
will be required where the size of control, umpire or neutral organization staff justify them. On
small exercises, umpires may be attached to the unit with which they are operating for rations
and accommodation.
2. Transport. An adequate supply of transport must be available. The major portion will be
allotted permanently to individual umpires, with a pool at higher HQ. Arrangements must be
made for the repair and replacement of unserviceable vehicles. A reserve of transport will
therefore be required.
SIGNAL ORGANIZATION
3. It has been stressed that the exercise cannot be controlled efficiently without adequate
communications. Where possible, a separate signal unit or sub-unit should handle neutral and
umpire communications. When one is not available, consideration should be given to forming
one in order that a signal officer has clear responsibilities for operating and maintaining this
communications system.
SECTION 8
SPECIALIST UMPIRING
ARMOUR
1. Due to the mobility, shock action, ranges and firepower of tanks, armoured battles are
difficult to umpire realistically. Umpires must have a full knowledge of the tactical situation and
know the detail of orders given to the squadron and troop leaders. Umpires are required down to
troop level.
2. Safety precautions may tend to make tank action unrealistic and preclude tanks from
moving in close proximity to infantry at night. When there is any danger to other troops, umpires
must stop or slow tanks, and order other troops to stand up. Camouflaged equipment may have to
be pointed out to tank commanders so they do not overrun personnel or equipment.
3. Tasks. The primary tasks of umpires with armoured units are:
a. to realistically allot casualties; and
b. to ensure that safety regulations are obeyed.
4. Method. Umpires should move in vehicles with a comparable cross-country performance [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]